Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the center of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the runs scored by the batting team. A run is scored by the striking batsman hitting the ball with his bat, running to the opposite end of the pitch, and touching the crease there without being dismissed. The teams switch between batting and fielding at the end of an innings.
In professional cricket, the length of a game ranges from 20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side to Test cricket played over five days. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with additional Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day Internationals.[1]
Cricket is the second most popular sport in the world behind soccer. The ICC, the game’s governing body, has ten full members.[3] The game is played particularly in Australasia, the Indian subcontinent, the West Indies, Southern Africa, and England.
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HISTORY
The game of cricket has a known history spanning from the 16th century to the present day, with international matches played since 1844, although the official history of international Test cricket began in 1877. During this time, the game developed from its origins in England into a game which is now played professionally in most of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The first evidence of cricket being played was recorded in the year 1550, by the pupils of Royal Grammar School, Guildford. In the year 1611, it is reported that two young men from Sussex were punished for playing cricket instead of going to church. The first match is recorded to have been played at Coxheath in Kent in the year 1646.
Cricket was in fact a major gambling sport towards the end of the 17th century. It is recorded that in the year 1679, an 11-a-side match was played with stakes as high as 50 guineas per side.
During the 18th century, cricket survived and thrived due to the huge amounts of money via monetary backing and gambling. The first instance of a match to be played between counties in England is recorded to be on 29th June in the year 1709. This match was played between Surrey and Kent at Dartford Brent.
INDIAN CRICKET
Cricket was popularized by English settlers and the British army. The Oriental Club was the first all-Indian cricket club, specifically for an Indian religious sect. In 1906, a triangular match was played between the Hindus, the Parsis, and the Europeans; however, in 1912, it became a quadrangular tournament with a Muslim team. The National Championship has been played since 1934 for the Ranji Trophy, named for K.S. Ranjitsinhji, is one of the most famous Indian cricketers.
In the present times, cricket has its own following of loyal fans. The International Cricket Council, better known as the ICC is the governing body of world cricket. The ICC was founded on the 15th of June in the year 1909. All laws relating to ODIs and Test Cricket are framed and implemented by the ICC.
21ST-CENTURY CRICKET
Cricket remains a major world sport in terms of participants, spectators, and media interest.
Cricket’s newest innovation is Twenty20, essentially an evening entertainment. It has so far enjoyed enormous popularity and has attracted large attendances at matches as well as good TV audience ratings. The inaugural ICC Twenty20 World Cup tournament was held in 2007 with a follow-up event in 2009. The formation of Twenty20 leagues in India – the unofficial Indian Cricket League, which started in 2007, and the official Indian Premier League, starting in 2008 – raised much speculation in the cricketing press about their effect on the future of cricket.
CRICKET EQUIPMENT
WICKET AND CREASES – A wicket is three stakes or stumps placed into the ground so that a cricket ball cannot pass between them. There are two wickets, which the bowler attacks and which the batsman defends. The creases are lines of whitewash that mark the ground at each wicket. The bowling and return creases mark the area where the bowler’s rear foot must be placed when bowling the ball; the popping crease marks the area which is the batsman’s ground.
BAT AND BALL – The bat is paddle-shaped made of willow and approximately 11 centimeters wide. It, including the handle, may not under regulation exceed 97 centimeters in length. The ball is made of a core of cork encased in red leather. The two leather halves are sewn together with a raised seam. A baseball is slightly heavier, softer, and larger than a standard cricket ball.
DRESS – The players usually wear white flannel pants and shirt, white canvas or buck shoes, a white woolen sweater (often times with their club colours trimming it), and multicolored club caps. A batsman wears protective white pads, or leg guards, rubber or leather batting gloves, and a body protector. The wicketkeeper also wears pads and reinforced gloves. However, the fielders in cricket do not wear gloves when fielding.
CRICKET LANGUAGE
CAPPED – A cricket player is”capped” when he is selected to play for a representative team. This term comes from the use of club caps in the game.
REPRESENTATIVE TEAM – A “representative team” is a team of cricket players selected by their ability to represent a county, a country, etc. These players are normally selected from among club teams or minor teams.)
INNINGS – An innings has actually several term usages in cricket. (1) It is a turn of a batsman to bat, (2) a turn of a team to bat, or (3) when results are being given, it is when one team still has a turn to bat but has scored more runs than the opposing team (which has completed its two innings.)
FOLLOW ON – To “follow on” occurs when a team bats out of turn (e.g. second innings directly after the first innings) after scoring less than the opposing team in the first innings by a certain number of runs.
HIT A SIX – To “hit a six” means to hit the ball over a boundary without it touching the ground, thus scoring six runs.
PITCH – A “pitch” can be used in several ways. (1) It is the area going 1.5 meters on either side of the center line between the wickets, (2) the impact of a bowled ball on the ground, or (3) the distance from one wicket to the other.
WICKET – The word “wicket” has four meanings in cricket. First, is the goal, consisting of three stakes, of which two sticks lay on top. The batsman defends them and the bowler attempts to hit. Secondly, it is a turn to bat. Thirdly, a wicket is, in scoring, if a side is batting last, it is the number of batsmen who have to be put out (dismissed) when the opponent’s score is passed. And lastly, it is the area between two sets of stumps (also known as pitch.)
STICKY WICKET – A “sticky wicket” is a wicket (pitch) that is drying after rain. Any soft soil – turf – makes playing more difficult for a batsman.
Indian Cricket Team
Captain: Rohit Sharma
Association: Board of Control for Cricket in India
Location: India
Coaches: Rahul Dravid (Head coach)
Arenas/Stadiums: Wankhede Stadium, Eden Gardens
Nicknames: Men in Blue, Team India
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